Preparation and Application of Antibacterial Materials based on Oyster Shell Waste Powders

doi:10.22716/sckt.2026.14.2.004

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2026 Vol.14, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Preparation and Application of Antibacterial Materials based on Oyster Shell Waste Powders 굴 패각 파우더 기반 항균 소재의 제조 및 응용: Si-Bin Lee¹, Hee-Chan Roh², and Seong-Ho Choi³
이시빈¹, 노희찬², 최성호³; ¹Master’s Student, Department of Chemistry, Hannam University
²Undergraduate Student, Department of Chemistry, Hannam University
³Professor, Department of Chemistry, Hannam University

¹한남대학교 화학과 석사과정, ²한남대학교 화학과 학부생, ³한남대학교 화학과 교수

30 June 2026. pp. 41-48

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Abstract

굴 패각은 다량 발생하는 해양 폐기물이지만 재활용률이 낮아 환경적·경제적 문제가 지속되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 굴 패각 파우더를 기판으로 활용하여 항균성 금속 이온(Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag)을 치환·코팅함으로써 항균 소재를 제조하였다. 제조된 항균 파우더의 구조적 및 화학적 특성은 주사전자현미경(SEM), 에너지분산형 분광분석(EDS), 비표면적 분석(BET), X선 광전자 분광분석(XPS)을 통해 평가하였다. 또한 대장균, 살모넬라균 및 황색포도상구균을 대상으로 디스크 확산법을 이용하여 항균 성능을 분석하였다. 그 결과, Ag-코팅 패각 파우더는 모든 시험 균주에 대해 우수한 항균 활성을 나타내었으며, Zn, Ni 및 Cu-코팅 파우더는 본 실험 조건에서 뚜렷한 항균 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구는 폐패각을 기반으로 한 항균 소재가 기능성 코팅제 및 산업용 항균 소재로 응용될 수 있음을 제시한다.

Oyster shells are generated in large quantities as marine waste, yet their recycling rate remains low, causing environmental and economic burdens. In this study, oyster-shell powder was used as a substrate to prepare antibacterial powders through ion-exchange coating with antibacterial metal ions (Zn, Ni, Cu, and Ag). The structural and chemical characteristics of the prepared powders were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Antibacterial performance was examined by the disk diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the tested samples, the Ag-coated oyster-shell powder exhibited clear antibacterial activity against all tested strains, whereas the Zn-, Ni-, and Cu-coated powders showed no distinct antibacterial activity or only negligible effects under the present experimental conditions. These results suggest that Ag-coated oyster-shell powder has potential for application in functional coatings and industrial antibacterial materials.

Keywords

Recycled Biomaterials

Oyster-shell Powder

Antibacterial Coatings

Metal-ion Coating

Surface Functionalization

References

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10.3390/resources8010013
K. Sadeghi, K. Park, J. Seo, “Oyster Shell Disposal: Potential as a Novel Ecofriendly Antimicrobial Agent for Packaging: A Mini Review.” Korean Journal of Packaging Science & Technology, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 57-62, 2019. doi:10.20909/kopast.2019.25.2.57
10.20909/kopast.2019.25.2.57
C.-H. Tsou, C.-S. Wu, W.-S. Hung, M. R. De Guzman, C. Gao, R.-Y. Wang, J. Chen, N. Wan, Y.-J. Peng, M.-C. Suen, “Rendering Polypropylene Biocomposites Antibacterial through Modification with Oyster Shell Powder.” Polymer, Vol. 160, pp. 265-271, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.048
10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.048
K. Park, K. Sadeghi, P. K. Panda, J. Seo, J. Seo, “Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Low-Density Polyethylene/Oyster Shell Powder Composite Films: Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties for Biomedical Applications.” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 134, p. 104301, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104301
10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104301
C.-H. Tsou, R. Zeng, N. Wan, M. R. De Guzman, X.-F. Hu, T. Yang, C. Gao, X. Wei, J. Yi, L. Lan, et al., “Biological Oyster Shell Waste Enhances Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites and Endows Them with Antibacterial Properties.” Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 57, pp. 118-131, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2022.08.022
10.1016/j.cjche.2022.08.022
J. Widakdo, T.-M. Chen, M.-C. Lin, J.-H. Wu, T.-L. Lin, P.-J. Yu, W.-S. Hung, K.-R. Lee, “Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Eco-Friendly Hybrid Composites on the Base of Oyster Shell Powder Modified by Metal Ions and LLDPE.” Polymers, Vol. 14, No. 15, p. 3001, 2022. doi:10.3390/polym14153001
10.3390/polym14153001 35893965 PMC9332488
H. Kawakami, K. Yoshida, Y. Nishida, Y. Kikuchi, Y. Sato, “Antibacterial Properties of Metallic Elements for Alloying Evaluated with Application of JIS Z 2801:2000.” ISIJ International, Vol. 48, No. 9, pp. 1299-1304, 2008. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.48.1299
10.2355/isijinternational.48.1299
L. Chang, Y. Feng, B. Wang, X. Huang, D.-P. Yang, Y. Lu, “Dual Functional Oyster Shell-Derived Ag/ZnO/CaCO3 Nanocomposites with Enhanced Catalytic and Antibacterial Activities for Water Purification.” RSC Advances, Vol. 9, pp. 41336-41344, 2019. doi:10.1039/C9RA08960H
10.1039/C9RA08960H
M.-C. Jo, B.-I. Noh, C.-H. Shin, “Reuse of Oyster Shell Waste as Antimicrobial Water Treatment Agent by Silver Ion Exchange.” The Korean Environmental Sciences Society, Vol. 4, pp. 185-193, 2000.
C.-H. Shin, B.-I. Noh, M.-C. Jo, “Development of Water Treatment Agent with Adsorption and Antimicrobial Activity Using Oyster Shell.” Final Project Report, Department of Agriculture and Fishery, Pusan, Korea, 1997.
L.-T. Yen, C.-H. Weng, N. A. T. Than, J.-H. Tzeng, A. R. Jacobson, K. Iamsaard, V. D. Dang, Y.-T. Lin, “Mode of Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Heated Oyster-Shell Powder.” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 432, p. 134386, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.134386
10.1016/j.cej.2021.134386
Q. T. P. Tran, B. Ananthakrishnan, H.-H. Tung, “Study on Antibacterial Properties of Heated Oyster Shell Particle against Bacillus subtilis Spores in Rainwater by Response Surface Methodology Based on Central Composite Design.” Journal of Water and Health, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 372-384, 2023. doi:10.2166/wh.2023.278
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Information

Publisher :The Society of Convergence Knowledge
Publisher(Ko) :융복합지식학회
Journal Title :The Society of Convergence Knowledge Transactions
Journal Title(Ko) :융복합지식학회논문지
Volume : 14
No :2
Pages :41-48
DOI :https://doi.org/10.22716/sckt.2026.14.2.004

[1] T. H. Silva, J. Mesquita-Guimarães, B. Henriques, F. S. Silva, M. C. Fredel, “The Potential Use of Oyster Shell Waste in New Value-Added By-Products.” Resources, Vol. 8, No. 1, p. 13, 2019. doi:10.3390/resources8010013
10.3390/resources8010013

[2] K. Sadeghi, K. Park, J. Seo, “Oyster Shell Disposal: Potential as a Novel Ecofriendly Antimicrobial Agent for Packaging: A Mini Review.” Korean Journal of Packaging Science & Technology, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 57-62, 2019. doi:10.20909/kopast.2019.25.2.57
10.20909/kopast.2019.25.2.57

[3] C.-H. Tsou, C.-S. Wu, W.-S. Hung, M. R. De Guzman, C. Gao, R.-Y. Wang, J. Chen, N. Wan, Y.-J. Peng, M.-C. Suen, “Rendering Polypropylene Biocomposites Antibacterial through Modification with Oyster Shell Powder.” Polymer, Vol. 160, pp. 265-271, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.048
10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.048

[4] K. Park, K. Sadeghi, P. K. Panda, J. Seo, J. Seo, “Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Low-Density Polyethylene/Oyster Shell Powder Composite Films: Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties for Biomedical Applications.” Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 134, p. 104301, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104301
10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104301

[5] C.-H. Tsou, R. Zeng, N. Wan, M. R. De Guzman, X.-F. Hu, T. Yang, C. Gao, X. Wei, J. Yi, L. Lan, et al., “Biological Oyster Shell Waste Enhances Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites and Endows Them with Antibacterial Properties.” Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 57, pp. 118-131, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2022.08.022
10.1016/j.cjche.2022.08.022

[6] J. Widakdo, T.-M. Chen, M.-C. Lin, J.-H. Wu, T.-L. Lin, P.-J. Yu, W.-S. Hung, K.-R. Lee, “Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Eco-Friendly Hybrid Composites on the Base of Oyster Shell Powder Modified by Metal Ions and LLDPE.” Polymers, Vol. 14, No. 15, p. 3001, 2022. doi:10.3390/polym14153001
10.3390/polym14153001 35893965 PMC9332488

[7] H. Kawakami, K. Yoshida, Y. Nishida, Y. Kikuchi, Y. Sato, “Antibacterial Properties of Metallic Elements for Alloying Evaluated with Application of JIS Z 2801:2000.” ISIJ International, Vol. 48, No. 9, pp. 1299-1304, 2008. doi:10.2355/isijinternational.48.1299
10.2355/isijinternational.48.1299

[8] L. Chang, Y. Feng, B. Wang, X. Huang, D.-P. Yang, Y. Lu, “Dual Functional Oyster Shell-Derived Ag/ZnO/CaCO3 Nanocomposites with Enhanced Catalytic and Antibacterial Activities for Water Purification.” RSC Advances, Vol. 9, pp. 41336-41344, 2019. doi:10.1039/C9RA08960H
10.1039/C9RA08960H

[9] M.-C. Jo, B.-I. Noh, C.-H. Shin, “Reuse of Oyster Shell Waste as Antimicrobial Water Treatment Agent by Silver Ion Exchange.” The Korean Environmental Sciences Society, Vol. 4, pp. 185-193, 2000.

[10] C.-H. Shin, B.-I. Noh, M.-C. Jo, “Development of Water Treatment Agent with Adsorption and Antimicrobial Activity Using Oyster Shell.” Final Project Report, Department of Agriculture and Fishery, Pusan, Korea, 1997.

[11] L.-T. Yen, C.-H. Weng, N. A. T. Than, J.-H. Tzeng, A. R. Jacobson, K. Iamsaard, V. D. Dang, Y.-T. Lin, “Mode of Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by Heated Oyster-Shell Powder.” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 432, p. 134386, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.134386
10.1016/j.cej.2021.134386

[12] Q. T. P. Tran, B. Ananthakrishnan, H.-H. Tung, “Study on Antibacterial Properties of Heated Oyster Shell Particle against Bacillus subtilis Spores in Rainwater by Response Surface Methodology Based on Central Composite Design.” Journal of Water and Health, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 372-384, 2023. doi:10.2166/wh.2023.278
10.2166/wh.2023.278

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