A Study on the Feedback Method of Exercise Performance Data Using 3D Character Body Part Changes

doi:10.22716/sckt.2025.13.4.013

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2025 Vol.13, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

A Study on the Feedback Method of Exercise Performance Data Using 3D Character Body Part Changes 3D 캐릭터 신체 부위 변화를 활용한 운동 수행 기록 피드백 방법 연구: Young-Ik Gil¹, Jae-Kwang Shin², Mun-Cheong Choi³, and Al-Chan Kim⁴
길영익¹, 신재광², 최문정³, 김알찬⁴; ¹Researcher, Sports Convergence Research Institute, Seokyeong University
²Professor, Department of Sports & Technology, Seokyeong University
³CEO, Exercowork, Co., Ltd.
⁴Professor, Department of Sports & Technology, Seokyeong University

¹서경대학교 스포츠융복합연구소 연구원
²서경대학교 스포츠앤테크놀로지학과 부교수
³주식회사 엑서코웍 대표
⁴서경대학교 스포츠앤테크놀로지학과 부교수

31 December 2025. pp. 147-159

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Abstract

최근 개인 맞춤형 운동관리 수요가 증가하며 운동 수행 기록 기반 피드백의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 그러나 기존 서비스는 정량 정보 중심 피드백에 머물러 비전문가가 직관적으로 이해하기 어렵고 동기 유지에도 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 이를 보완하기 위해 운동 기록 데이터를 기반으로 3D 캐릭터 신체 변화를 제공하는 시각적 피드백 방법을 제안한다. 웨이트 트레이닝 프로그램 구조를 분석해 캐릭터 신체를 5개 영역으로 정의하고, 각 운동 종목의 주동근과 협동근 정보와 세트·반복 횟수 정보를 활용해 부위별 자극량을 정량화하였다. 또한 근육 발달 원리를 반영한 누적 적응형 모델을 설계해 성장 지연 특성을 구현함으로써 실제 신체 변화와 유사한 타이밍의 캐릭터 신체 변화를 가능하게 하였다. 본 연구는 운동 수행 기록 데이터와 근육 발달 원리를 결합한 3D 시각 피드백 방법을 제시해 사용자 이해도와 운동 지속성을 향상시킬 수 있는 새로운 운동 관리 서비스 방법으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

The demand for personalized exercise management has been increasing, highlighting the growing importance of feedback systems based on exercise performance records. However, existing services remain largely focused on quantitative indicators such as sets, repetitions, and load, which limits their intuitive understanding for non-experts and reduces their effectiveness in sustaining user motivation. To address these limitations, this study proposes a visual feedback method that reflects exercise performance data through changes in a 3D character’s body shape. The structure of weight training programs was analyzed to define the character’s body into five anatomical regions, and the muscles activated in each exercise—specifically agonist and synergist muscles—were mapped along with set and repetition information to quantify stimulus levels for each region. Furthermore, a cumulative adaptive model was developed based on established principles of muscle hypertrophy to incorporate delayed growth responses, allowing the character’s physical changes to appear in a manner consistent with actual physiological adaptation timelines. By integrating exercise performance records with muscle development mechanisms, this study presents a novel 3D visual feedback approach that enhances users’ comprehension of their training progress and supports sustained engagement. The proposed method demonstrates its potential as an innovative exercise management service that provides intuitive and physiologically meaningful feedback to a wide range of users.

Keywords

Exercise performance data

Exercise feedback visualization

Exercise feedback

3D Character feedback

Exercise data

References

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변현, 전상완, 이은석, “텍스트마이닝을 활용한 노인 헬스케어 앱 사용 추이 및 동향 분석”, 한국융합학회논문지, 제13권, 제5호, pp. 313-325, 2022.
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Information

Publisher :The Society of Convergence Knowledge
Publisher(Ko) :융복합지식학회
Journal Title :The Society of Convergence Knowledge Transactions
Journal Title(Ko) :융복합지식학회논문지
Volume : 13
No :4
Pages :147-159
DOI :https://doi.org/10.22716/sckt.2025.13.4.013

[1] 황원경, 김남경, “2024 한국 웰니스 보고서”, KB 금융지주 경영연구소, 2024.

[2] 이상화, 박세정, 김광준, 성주헌, 박수현, “생활체육 여건과 의료이용의 연관성: 국민건강보험공단 자료 연계”, 한국운동생리학회, 제33권, 제3호, pp. 353-361, 2024.

[3] R. Jacqueline, S. Willwacher, and O. Korn, “Acceptance of digital sports: a study showing the rising acceptance of digital health activities due to the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 596-611, 2022.
10.3390/ijerph19010596 >35010849 PMC8744845

[4] E. J. Page, et al., “The use of self-monitoring and technology to increase physical activity: A review of the literature”, Perspectives on behavior science, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 501-514, 2020.
10.1007/s40614-020-00260-0 >33029577 PMC7490310

[5] https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/the-case-for-a-paper-journal/

[6] B. Darcy, et al., “Changing user experience of wearable activity monitors over 7 years: repeat cross-sectional survey study”, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol. 27, 2025.
10.2196/56251 >39946694 PMC11888053

[7] S.-J. Kim, and B.-H. Cho, “The effects of empowered motivation on exercise adherence and physical fitness in college women”, Journal of exercise rehabilitation, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 278-285, 2013.
10.12965/jer.130011 >24278872 PMC3836521

[8] L. E. Burke, J. Wang, and M. A. Sevick, “Self-monitoring in weight loss: a systematic review of the literature”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Vol. 111, No. 1, pp. 92-102, 2011.
10.1016/j.jada.2010.10.008 >21185970 PMC3268700

[9] D. H. Schunk “Self-efficacy, motivation, and performance”, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 112-137, 1995.
10.1080/10413209508406961

[10] 유동인, “퍼스널 트레이닝에서의 운동일지 활용 사례”, 대한운동사협회 워크숍자료집, 제39권, pp. 51-56, 2014.

[11] 변현, 전상완, 이은석, “텍스트마이닝을 활용한 노인 헬스케어 앱 사용 추이 및 동향 분석”, 한국융합학회논문지, 제13권, 제5호, pp. 313-325, 2022.

[12] de Beukelaar, T. Toon, and D. Mantini “Monitoring resistance training in real time with wearable technology: current applications and future directions Bioengineering”, Vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 1085-1099, 2023.
10.3390/bioengineering10091085 >37760187 PMC10525173

[13] 루메이사, 김상만, “웨어러블 디바이스가 건강한 생활습관 변화에 미치는 영향: 스마트워치 건강관리 기능들 중심으로”, 의료경영학연구, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 41-49, 2023.

[14] N. A. Ratamess, et al. “Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults”, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 687-708, 2009.
10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670

[15] P. C. Bourdon, et al. “Monitoring atlete training loads: consensus statement”, International joiornal of sports physiology and performance,, No. 12, pp. S2-161-S2-170, 2017.
10.1123/IJSPP.2017-0208

[16] https://www.strong.app/

[17] https://app.fleek.fit/ko/

[18] https://planfit.ai/ko/

[19] American College of Sports Medicine, “American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults”, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 687-708, 2009.
10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670

[20] J. P. Folland, and A. G. Williams, “Morphological and neurological Contributions to Increased Strength”, Sports Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 145-168, 2007.
10.2165/00007256-200737020-00004

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